钠电池的碳足迹核算方法是什么？

What is the carbon footprint accounting method for sodium-ion batteries?

钠电池碳足迹统一采用 ISO 14067 产品全生命周期核算标准，搭配 IPCC 国家温室气体排放因子数据库，分边界划定、活动数据收集、排放因子匹配、分环节计算、汇总校验五步标准化核算流程。第一步边界划定：明确从 “摇篮到坟墓” 全生命周期，上游矿产开采、材料合成；中游电芯 PACK 制造；下游仓储物流、现场使用；末端废旧回收冶金，排除与电池无关附属厂区设施碳排放。第二步活动数据采集：全链条企业精准统计年原料消耗量、电力火电 / 绿电占比、天然气 / 煤炭热力消耗、运输里程燃油量、回收设备能耗，形成原始活动台账，数据追溯至供应商单据。第三步排放因子匹配：电力采用区域电网平均 CO?因子；矿产开采、化工合成采用 IPCC 化工行业因子；公路海运燃油匹配对应燃油排放系数；农林硬碳计入碳汇负碳因子抵扣总排放。第四步分环节分步计算：各环节活动数据 × 对应排放因子得到分段 CO?当量，上游、制造、运输、回收分别单独核算。第五步汇总与不确定性校验：全环节加总得到单 kWh 电芯总碳足迹，同步统计数据误差区间，标注核算边界、因子来源、数据年份形成正式碳足迹报告。核算结果可用于欧盟 CBAM 碳关税申报、国内绿色储能产品认证、风光配套储能双碳效益评估，核算第三方机构需具备 ISO 14067 资质。

The carbon footprint of sodium-ion batteries uniformly adopts the full-life-cycle accounting standard ISO 14067 combined with IPCC national greenhouse gas emission factor database, following five standardized steps: boundary definition, activity data collection, emission factor matching, segmented calculation and summary verification. Step 1 Boundary definition: Clarify the full "cradle-to-grave" life cycle including upstream mineral mining & material synthesis, midstream cell & PACK manufacturing, downstream storage logistics & on-site operation, and end waste recycling metallurgy. Carbon emissions from factory auxiliary facilities irrelevant to batteries are excluded. Step 2 Activity data collection: Enterprises along the whole chain accurately count annual raw material consumption, thermal power /green power proportion, natural gas & coal heat consumption, transportation fuel mileage and recycling equipment energy consumption to form traceable original activity ledgers supported by supplier documents. Step 3 Emission factor matching: Regional average grid CO? factors for electricity; IPCC chemical industry factors for mineral mining & synthesis; corresponding fuel coefficients for road & sea transport; carbon sink negative carbon factors deducted for biomass hard carbon. Step 4 Segmented calculation: Multiply activity data of each link by matching factors to obtain segmented CO? equivalent, with separate calculation for upstream, manufacturing, transportation and recycling. Step 5 Summary & uncertainty verification: Sum all segments to get total per kWh cell carbon footprint, count data error ranges, and mark accounting boundary, factor source and data year to form official carbon footprint reports. Calculation results support EU CBAM carbon tariff declaration, domestic green storage certification and dual-carbon benefit evaluation of wind-PV matching storage. Third-party accounting institutions shall hold ISO 14067 qualifications.