动力场景下钠离子电池和三元锂电池的选型对比是什么？

What is the selection comparison between sodium-ion batteries and ternary lithium cells for power scenarios?

以能量密度、低温、安全、成本、循环、资源六大指标划分动力适用边界。一能量密度：三元 200~260Wh/kg 大幅领先钠 110~140，高速乘用车、长续航高端车辆必选三元。二低温：钠 - 20℃容量 85% ，三元约 70，北方低速车、工程机械、外卖换电优先钠。三安全：三元热分解温度低，针刺易起火；聚阴离子钠高安全，矿山、港口、载人观光车禁用三元，选用钠。四成本：钠原材料无锂钴，整车电池采购低 30%~50，短途低速动力预算有限选钠。五循环：三元 2000~3000 次，钠聚阴离子 3500~5000，叉车、观光车高频启停钠寿命更长。六资源：三元高度依赖进口锂钴，海外项目、国内大批量低速车主推钠规避资源价格波动。七倍率：二者均可支持 1C~2C 快充，三元瞬时峰值功率略高。选型分界：续航需求≥200km 高速乘用车、高端锂电摩托选用三元；续航 100km 以内低速两轮、观光车、叉车、工程机械、北方户外动力设备全部选用钠离子电池。

Application boundaries are divided by six indicators: energy density, low temperature, safety, cost, cycle life and resources. 1. Energy density: Ternary lithium leads greatly at 200~260 Wh/kg vs sodium’s 110~140, mandatory for high-speed passenger cars and long-range premium vehicles. 2. Low temperature: Sodium retains over 85% capacity at -20℃ vs ~70 for ternary, prioritized for northern low-speed vehicles, construction machinery and delivery swap stations. 3. Safety: Ternary has low thermal decomposition temperature and catches fire under nail penetration; high-safety polyanion sodium replaces ternary for mines, ports and passenger sightseeing vehicles. 4. Cost: Sodium eliminates lithium/cobalt with 30%~50% lower vehicle battery procurement cost, ideal for short-distance low-speed power with tight budgets. 5. Cycles: Ternary 2,000~3,000 vs polyanion sodium 3,500~5,000 with longer service life for frequent start-stop forklifts and sightseeing cars. 6. Resources: Ternary relies heavily on imported lithium & cobalt; sodium is promoted for overseas projects and mass domestic low-speed vehicles to avoid raw material price volatility. 7. Rate: Both support 1C~2C fast charging with slightly higher instantaneous peak power for ternary. Selection threshold: Adopt ternary for high-speed passenger cars and premium e-motors with range above 200 km; select sodium-ion batteries for low-speed two-wheelers, sightseeing vehicles, forklifts and construction machinery within 100 km range and northern outdoor power equipment.