废旧钠电池的再生材料有哪些？

What regenerated materials can be obtained from waste sodium-ion batteries?

废旧钠离子电池经物理分选、湿法 / 干法冶金回收后，可完整再生正极活性粉体、硬碳负极、工业钠盐、铝基材四大类核心电芯原料，配套辅助再生塑料隔膜、铜铝导电金属。一、正极再生材料：普鲁士蓝、聚阴离子、层状氧化物三类完整再生前驱体，湿法工艺产出高纯度原生级前驱体，干法产出粗制正极粉体，经简单调配方可直接重回正极烧结产线，再生材料电化学性能接近全新矿产原料。二、再生硬碳负极：破碎分选后负极粉体脱盐、高温活化去除 SEI 杂质，恢复微孔储钠结构，再生硬碳容量可达 280~340mAh/g，满足各类电芯负极生产标准，碳元素整体回收率 85% 以上。三、工业钠盐：回收工艺提取高纯六氟磷酸钠、氟磺酰亚胺钠、碳酸钠，可直接作为电解液溶质、正极合成钠源，替代工业矿石钠盐，大幅降低上游矿产开采需求。四、再生铝材料：电芯铝箔、PACK 铝壳熔融重铸，产出电池级铝卷材，重复用于极片集流体制造。辅助再生物料：PP 隔膜塑料造粒复用做绝缘配件；B 电路板回收微量铜、锡贵金属；汇流排铝块重熔。全部再生材料闭环回流钠电池全产业链，替代 40%~70% 原生矿产原料，大幅降低电芯制造成本，同时减少矿山开采碳排放与生态破坏，构建电池循环经济体系。

Four categories of core cell raw materials can be fully regenerated from waste sodium-ion batteries via physical sorting and wet/dry metallurgy: cathode active powder, hard carbon anodes, industrial sodium salts and aluminum substrates, together with auxiliary recycled plastic separators and copper-aluminum conductive metals. 1. Regenerated cathode materials: Complete recycled precursors of Prussian blue, polyanions and layered oxides. Wet technology produces high-purity virgin-grade precursors, while dry process outputs crude cathode powder that can directly return to cathode sintering lines after simple proportion adjustment. Electrochemical performance of regenerated materials approaches brand-new mineral feedstock. 2. Regenerated hard carbon anodes: After desalination and high-temperature activation to remove SEI impurities, sorted anode powder recovers micropore sodium storage structure with regenerated capacity of 280~340mAh/g, meeting production standards for all cell anodes and overall carbon recovery over 85%. 3. Industrial sodium salts: High-purity NaPF6, NaFSI and sodium carbonate extracted from recycling can be directly used as electrolyte solutes and sodium sources for cathode synthesis, replacing mineral sodium raw materials and cutting upstream mining demand drastically. 4. Recycled aluminum materials: Cell aluminum foil and PACK aluminum shells are remelted into battery-grade aluminum coils for repeated current collector manufacturing. Auxiliary recycled materials: PP separator plastic granulated for insulating accessories; trace copper & tin precious metals recovered from BMS circuit boards; remelting of busbar aluminum blocks. All regenerated materials flow back into the full sodium battery industrial chain in closed loops, replacing 40%~70% virgin mineral raw materials, greatly lowering cell manufacturing costs while cutting mining carbon emissions and ecological damage to build a battery circular economy system.