钠离子电池的行业标准有哪些？

What industry standards are available for sodium-ion batteries?

当前国内钠离子电池形成国标、行标、团体标准三层完整标准体系，覆盖材料、电芯、PACK、安全测试、储能应用全链条，同步对标 UN38.3 国际运输标准。一、国家标准（GB 系列）：GB/T 43042《钠离子单体蓄电池》规定单体电芯容量、内阻、循环、高低温基础性能测试方法；GB/T 43043《钠离子电池组和电池系统》规范 PACK 集成、BMS、绝缘、防护等级；GB/T 43044《钠离子电池安全要求》统一针刺、挤压、热滥用、过充过放安全判定准则；配套储能专用国标 GB/T 36276 调整钠电池储能系统适配测试条件。二、工信部行业标准（YD/YS 系列）：通信储能钠离子电池行标，规范基站备电工况；低速电动车钠电池行业标准，界定车载振动、冲击耐久测试指标。三、团体标准：中国化学与物理电源行业协会发布全套正负极、电解液、隔膜材料标准，统一普鲁士蓝、硬碳材料检测指标；储能分会出台户用、工商业钠储能系统团体规范；船舶、军工专项团体标准补充高盐雾、宽温测试要求。四国际通用标准：全面采纳 UN38.3 八项运输测试，等同采用 IEC 62666 储能电池通用测试标准；UL 1973 北美储能安全标准同步适配钠电池产品。五在建标准：正在立项电网调频钠储能、户外便携式钠电源、回收再生专项国标。整套标准统一术语、测试流程、合格阈值，解决产业链检测不统一问题，为产线质控、第三方检测、进出口商检提供权威判定依据，支撑钠电池规模化合规生产与全球出口。

A three-tier system of national, industrial and group standards has taken shape in China for sodium-ion batteries, covering the full chain of materials, cells, PACK, safety testing and storage applications, aligned with international UN38.3 transportation norms. 1. National Standards (GB Series): GB/T 43042 specifies basic performance testing of single cells including capacity, resistance, cycle and temperature; GB/T 43043 regulates PACK integration, BMS, insulation and protection grades; GB/T 43044 unifies safety pass criteria for nail penetration, extrusion, thermal abuse and overcharge/discharge. Special storage national standard GB/T 36276 adjusts test conditions for sodium storage systems. 2. MIIT Industrial Standards (YD/YS): Standards for sodium batteries used in communication backup power and low-speed vehicles define vibration & shock durability indicators. 3. Group Standards: China Industrial Association of Power Sources releases full sets of cathode/anode, electrolyte and separator material standards to unify testing indexes for Prussian blue and hard carbon; Energy Storage Branch issues group specifications for residential & industrial sodium storage; special marine & military group standards add salt fog and wide-temperature tests. 4. International Standards: Full compliance with eight UN38.3 transportation items and equivalent adoption of IEC 62666; UL 1973 North American safety standard adapts to sodium products. 5. Standards under establishment: National standards for grid frequency regulation sodium storage, outdoor portable power and recycling are under approval. The whole standard system unifies terminology, test procedures and pass thresholds, eliminates inconsistent industrial chain inspection standards, provides authoritative judgment for production QC, third-party testing and import & export commodity inspection, and supports large-scale compliant manufacturing and global export of sodium-ion batteries.