钠电池 UN38.3 测试包含哪些项目？

What items are included in UN38.3 test for sodium-ion batteries?

UN38.3 全套共八项强制性标准化测试，每项模拟运输典型风险场景，每项独立判定合格才可通过整套认证。T1 高空模拟测试：模拟高空空运低压环境，将电池置于低气压舱静置 4 小时，检验密封完整性，无鼓包漏液、内部短路方达标；T2 高低温循环：-40℃至 75℃反复循环十次，每次高低温段停留 4 小时，验证温度剧烈波动下结构与电化学稳定性；T3 振动测试：模拟货车、飞机运输颠簸，10~150Hz 交变振动持续 3 小时，分三轴依次测试，无焊点脱落、电芯破损；T4 冲击测试：模拟装卸撞击，三轴各承受 150g 冲击，持续 6ms，壳体与内部结构无断裂短路；T5 外部短路：常温下外接 0.1Ω 低阻回路持续 1 小时，电芯最高温升不超 130℃，不起火爆炸；T6 挤压测试：硬质平板挤压电芯至原始厚度一半，内部无热失控；T7 针刺测试钢钉刺穿活性区域，仅局部轻微发热无燃烧；T8 强制放电：外接规定负载持续强制放空，无鼓包起火。八项测试统一合格判定准则：全程不爆炸、不起火、无大量电解液泄漏、无单体解体变形。电芯、模组、PACK 三类样品执行对应尺寸载荷标准，大容量储能 PACK 需按比例放大样品尺寸开展全套验证，物流运输、进出口报关必须提供完整八项检测报告。

The complete UN38.3 standard consists of eight mandatory standardized tests, each simulating typical transportation risks, and all items must pass independently to obtain full certification. T1 Altitude Simulation: simulate low air pressure during air shipment, place batteries in low-pressure chamber for 4 hours, verify intact sealing without swelling, leakage or internal short circuit. T2 Temperature Cycling: 10 cycles between -40℃ and 75℃ with 4-hour dwell at each extreme to confirm structural and electrochemical stability under drastic temperature fluctuation. T3 Vibration Test: simulate truck and aircraft bumping, 3-hour alternating vibration from 10 to 150Hz on three axes without broken welding or cell damage. T4 Shock Test: simulate handling collision, 150g shock for 6ms on three axes without shell fracture or internal short circuit. T5 External Short Circuit: connect to 0.1Ω low-resistance load for 1 hour at ambient temperature, peak cell temperature below 130℃ without fire or explosion. T6 Extrusion Test: squeeze cell to half original thickness with rigid plate without thermal runaway. T7 Nail Penetration: steel nail pierce active area with only mild local heating and no combustion. T8 Forced Discharge: continuously discharge via specified load without swelling or fire. Unified pass criteria for all eight items: no explosion, no fire, no massive electrolyte leakage and no cell disintegration. Separate size and load standards apply to cells, modules and PACKs. Large-capacity energy storage PACKs require proportionally enlarged test samples, and full eight-item reports are mandatory for logistics and customs clearance.