钠电池 PACK 的短路保护系统有什么作用？

What are the functions of short-circuit protection systems for sodium-ion battery PACK?

短路保护是 PACK 最高等级安全防护，区分外部线束短路、电芯内部微短路两类故障。外部短路瞬间产生数千安超大电流，依靠主回路高压保险丝、BMS 继电器双重毫秒断路；内部单串持续微短路依靠压差、温升数据识别，提前均衡隔离故障模组。短路瞬间焦耳热极速累积，极易刺穿隔膜热失控起火，整套保护软硬件联动，从硬件熔断、软件断电双向阻断电流通路。户外农机、船舶等高振动易磨损线束场景强化短路保护冗余，连接器增加锁止防松结构，定期自检线路阻抗预判短路隐患，是储能、动力 PACK 不可缺失的终极安全屏障。

Short-circuit protection is the highest-level safety defense of PACK, distinguishing two types of faults: external harness short circuit and internal cell micro-short circuit. Instantaneous thousands of amperes of large current generated by external short circuits are cut off within milliseconds via dual measures of main loop high-voltage fuses and BMS relays. Continuous internal micro-short circuits of single strings are identified by voltage difference and temperature rise data to isolate faulty modules in advance. Joule heat accumulates extremely fast the moment short circuits occur, easily piercing separators and triggering thermal runaway fire. The whole set of protection links software and hardware to block current paths bidirectionally through hardware fusing and software power cut-off. Short-circuit protection redundancy is strengthened for high-vibration harness wear scenarios such as outdoor agricultural machinery and ships, with locking anti-loose structures added to connectors and regular self-inspection of line impedance to predict hidden short-circuit hazards, acting as an indispensable ultimate safety barrier for energy storage and power PACKs.