钠电池 PACK 的高压保护系统有什么作用？

What are the functions of high-voltage protection systems for sodium-ion battery PACK?

高压保护集成于 BMS 软硬件双重防护，管控充放电上下限电压，防止电芯过压损坏。充电阶段实时监测单串、总压，电压超过充电上限立即切断充电回路，阻断持续过充；放电监测总压跌落至高压预警阈值提前降功率，低于放电上限直接停机。过充会造成正极脱钠、晶体坍塌，电解液大量产气鼓包，严重热失控起火；高压保护分软件预警、硬件继电器断路双重屏障，毫秒级响应切断回路，杜绝电芯长期过压老化。适配光伏储能、叉车等高压串联 PACK，电网波动、逆变器失控场景自动防护，稳定电芯电压区间，大幅延缓容量衰减速度，是 PACK 基础电气安全防线。

High-voltage protection integrates dual software & hardware protection of BMS to control upper and lower charge-discharge voltage limits and prevent cell damage from overvoltage. Real-time monitoring of single string and total voltage during charging cuts off the charging loop immediately once voltage exceeds the upper charging limit to block continuous overcharging. During discharge, if total voltage drops to the high-voltage early warning threshold, power reduces in advance; the system shuts down directly below the discharge upper limit. Overcharging causes sodium deintercalation of positive electrodes, crystal collapse, massive electrolyte gas generation and swelling, even severe thermal runaway fire. High-voltage protection adopts dual barriers of software early warning and hardware relay circuit breaking to cut off loops within milliseconds and eliminate long-term cell aging under overvoltage. Adapted to high-voltage series PACKs such as photovoltaic energy storage and forklifts, it automatically protects under grid fluctuation and inverter out-of-control scenarios, stabilizes cell voltage ranges and greatly slows capacity fading, serving as the basic electrical safety defense line of PACK.