钠电池 PACK 的热管理系统有什么作用？

What are the functions of thermal management systems for sodium-ion battery PACK?

热管理是 PACK 核心配套系统，统筹低温预热、高温散热、热蔓延阻断三大职能，直接决定循环寿命、动力输出与安全底线。第一全域均温管控，充放电产热快速导出，模组电芯温差控制 5℃以内，避免单颗电芯过热提前老化，同步平衡整组充放电进度；第二低温启动升温，环境低于 0℃自动开启加热膜，提升至 20~35℃最优区间，解决钠离子低温迁移慢、容量腰斩短板，北方户外、冷链设备必备；第三高温散热降温，夏季高温、大功率快充启动风冷 / 水冷，抑制电解液高温分解、电芯胀气；第四热失控阻隔，隔热泡、绝缘隔板延缓故障电芯热量扩散，为消防处置预留缓冲时间。无热管理仅适合室内小容量低倍率简易 PACK，工商业大容量、户外动力场景必须完整配套冷热一体化热管理，大幅拉长整套储能系统服役年限。

The thermal management system is the core supporting system of PACK, coordinating three functions of low-temperature preheating, high-temperature heat dissipation and thermal spread blocking, which directly determine cycle life, power output and safety bottom line. First full-domain temperature equalization control: rapidly export heat generated during charging and discharging, control the temperature difference between module cells within 5℃, avoid premature aging of single overheated cells, and balance the charge-discharge progress of the whole pack synchronously. Second low-temperature start-up heating: automatically activate heating film when ambient temperature is below 0℃ to raise cells to the optimal 20~35℃ range, solve the short board of slow sodium ion migration and halved capacity at low temperature, essential for northern outdoor and cold-chain equipment. Third high-temperature cooling: activate air/water cooling under summer high temperature and high-rate fast charging to restrain electrolyte decomposition and cell swelling. Fourth thermal runaway isolation: thermal foam and insulating separators delay heat diffusion of faulty cells to reserve buffer time for fire disposal. PACKs without thermal management are only suitable for indoor small-capacity low-rate simple equipment. Industrial large-capacity and outdoor power scenarios must be fully equipped with integrated cold & hot thermal management to greatly extend the service life of the whole energy storage system.