钠电池的卷绕工艺是什么？

What is the winding process for sodium-ion batteries?

卷绕是方形、圆柱形中小容量电芯主流装配工艺，将裁切完成的正极、隔膜、负极按照隔膜 - 正极 - 隔膜顺序连续高速卷绕成型。完整流程：极片与隔膜放卷张力精准调控、三层材料同步对位连续卷、电芯尾部贴胶固定、整体整形定型。设备自动化程度高，单线日产能大，规模化量产制造成本更低，适配太阳能路灯、户用小储能、低速两轮电动车大批量平价订单。核心管控点为材料张力均衡、无偏移褶皱、层间对齐精准。工艺短板集中在卷绕圆心应力持续集中，长期循环极片形变不均匀，大容量电芯内部散热通道偏少，温升更高，循环寿命弱于叠片电芯。卷绕工艺主要应用 100Ah 以内中小规格电芯，大容量工商业储能、大功率叉车优先选用叠片方案，卷绕设备成熟、运维简单，是低端储能产品量产首选工艺。

Winding is the mainstream assembly process for square and cylindrical small & medium-capacity cells. Slit cathodes, separators and anodes are continuously wound at high speed in the sequence of separator-cathode-separator. The complete flow includes precise tension control for unwound electrodes and separators, synchronous aligned continuous winding of three layers, adhesive taping at cell tails and integral shaping. The equipment boasts high automation, large daily single-line output and lower mass-production costs, suitable for bulk low-cost orders such as solar street lamps, small household energy storage and low-speed two-wheelers. Core control points include balanced material tension, no offset wrinkles and precise interlayer alignment. The process’s drawbacks lie in continuous stress concentration at the winding core, uneven electrode deformation during long cycling, fewer internal heat dissipation channels for large-capacity cells leading to higher temperature rise and shorter cycle life than stacked cells. Winding is mainly adopted for cells below 100Ah. Stacking is prioritized for large-capacity industrial & commercial energy storage and high-power forklifts. Winding equipment is mature with simple maintenance, the preferred process for mass production of low-end energy storage products.