钠电池使用寿命到期有什么表现？

What are the manifestations when the service life of Sodium-ion Battery expires?    

钠离子电池使用寿命到期，核心表现为电池容量大幅衰减、性能显著下降，无突然失效、剧烈安全事故风险，老化过程平稳温和。具体表现主要有：一是电池容量大幅下降，额定容量衰减至初始容量的60%以下，电动车续航大幅缩水，储能设备供电时长大幅缩短，无法满足日常使用需求；二是充放电性能显著下降，充电速度大幅减慢，无法实现正常倍率充电，放电电压平台大幅下降，无法稳定输出电力，带负载能力大幅减弱；三是电池内阻显著升高，充放电过程中发热明显，电量损耗大幅增加，充放电效率显著下降；四是电池出现轻微的外观变化，如外壳轻微鼓包、变形，无剧烈膨胀、漏液等情况；五是BMS系统频繁出现故障预警，如单体压差过大、温度异常、充放电异常等。钠电池使用寿命到期后，不会出现突然断电、起火爆炸等安全事故，仅性能无法满足使用需求，需及时更换新电池，更换后的废旧电池可交由专业企业回收再生。

When the service life of Sodium-ion Battery expires, the core manifestation is the significant attenuation of battery capacity and the obvious decline of performance, without sudden failure and severe safety accidents, and the aging process is stable and mild. The specific manifestations are mainly as follows: first, the battery capacity is greatly reduced, the rated capacity is attenuated to less than 60% of the initial capacity, the battery life of electric vehicles is greatly reduced, the power supply duration of energy storage equipment is greatly shortened, which cannot meet the daily use needs; second, the charge and discharge performance is significantly reduced, the charging speed is greatly slowed down, the normal rate charging cannot be achieved, the discharge voltage platform is greatly reduced, the power cannot be output stably, and the load carrying capacity is greatly weakened; third, the internal resistance of the battery is significantly increased, the heat generation is obvious during the charge and discharge process, the power loss is greatly increased, and the charge and discharge efficiency is significantly reduced; fourth, the battery has slight appearance changes, such as slight swelling and deformation of the shell, without severe expansion, leakage and other conditions; fifth, the BMS system frequently has fault warnings, such as excessive monomer pressure difference, abnormal temperature, abnormal charge and discharge, etc. When the service life of the sodium battery expires, there will be no safety accidents such as sudden power failure, fire and explosion, but the performance cannot meet the use needs, so the new battery needs to be replaced in time. The replaced waste battery can be handed over to professional enterprises for recycling and regeneration.