钠离子电池的工作原理是什么？

Why can Sodium-ion Battery be repeatedly charged and discharged?    

钠离子电池的核心原理是钠离子的可逆嵌脱迁移反应，整体分为充电、放电两个可逆过程，内外电路形成完整闭合回路。充电过程：外接电源接入电池，在电场作用下，正极材料晶格中的钠离子发生脱嵌，脱离正极结构后溶解于电解液中，穿过隔膜的微孔通道，定向迁移至负极，最终嵌入负极硬碳材料的微孔结构中，此时外部电能转化为电池内部的化学能完成储能。放电过程：电池连接外接负载，储能状态被激活，负极中存储的钠离子脱嵌，重新进入电解液，反向迁移回正极并嵌入正极晶格；同时电子通过外部电路从负极流向正极，形成持续电流，为设备供电，化学能转化为电能释放。整个过程无不可逆化学反应，可反复循环。

The core reason why Sodium-ion Battery can achieve thousands of repeated charge and discharge cycles is that the sodium ion intercalation and deintercalation reaction has high reversibility, and the electrode material structure has excellent stability. Under normal charge and discharge conditions, when sodium ions are intercalated into and deintercalated from the lattice of the cathode and anode materials, they will not destroy the basic crystal structure of the electrode materials, nor will there be irreversible damage such as lattice collapse, material pulverization, and active material failure. The whole energy storage and energy release process is mainly based on physical intercalation and deintercalation, supplemented by slight reversible chemical reactions, without raw material consumption and composition deterioration. After the charge and discharge cycle is completed, the electrode materials can be restored to the initial state. At the same time, the mature electrolyte and separator system can stably support the ion cycle migration, and with the precise protection of the BMS system, it can effectively avoid the damage caused by overcharge, over discharge, over current and other problems, so the battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged for a long time and achieve a long cycle life.