钠电池的回收政策要求有哪些？

What policy requirements govern sodium-ion battery recycling?

国内围绕废旧钠电池回收出台顶层法律、行业规范、财税激励三重完整政策体系，约束产废企业、回收拆解、材料再生全主体责任。顶层法律：《固废污染环境防治法》明确储能、低速车企生产者责任延伸制度，企业必须承担自有废旧钠电池回收处置义务，未配套回收渠道处以高额罚款；《新能源汽车产业发展规划》要求配套完整电池回收闭环。行业标准：GB/T 废旧钠电池回收、拆解、再生全套国标，规定回收台账、仓储危废管理、湿法 / 干法工艺污染物排放限值，环保部门常态化按标准执法检查。资质管控：《危险废物经营许可证管理办法》规定拆解再生企业必须取得 HW49 危废处置资质，无证收集转运废旧钠电池属违法，公安、生态环境联合查处。财税激励政策：再生资源增值税即征即退优惠，回收加工企业可享受 70%~90 退税；资源综合利用所得税三免三减半；地方政府配套回收厂房土地补贴、产线固定资产投资补助。强制溯源政策：储能电站、电动车辆出厂电芯赋唯一溯源二维码，记录全生命周期生产、使用、回收数据，废旧电池流向全程可追溯，杜绝非法小作坊拆解污染。出口配套：欧盟新电池法规要求出口钠电池回收再生材料占比最低 12，国内回收工艺需达标方可出口通关。政策导向构建 “生产者回收   正规企业再生   再生料回流产线” 闭环经济，推动钠电池产业低碳可持续发展。

China has formed a complete three-tier policy system of top-level laws, industrial norms and fiscal incentives governing waste sodium battery recycling, restricting liabilities of all entities including waste generators, recyclers, disassembly and material regenerators. Top-level laws: The Law on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution clarifies the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system for energy storage and low-speed vehicle manufacturers. Enterprises must undertake recycling obligations for their own waste sodium batteries with heavy fines for missing channels. The New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan mandates complete closed-loop battery recycling. Industrial standards: Full national GB standards for waste sodium battery recycling, disassembly and regeneration specify recycling ledgers, hazardous waste warehouse control and pollutant emission limits for wet/dry processes, with regular environmental law enforcement inspections. Qualification control: Measures for the Administration of Hazardous Waste Business Licenses stipulate disassembly & regeneration enterprises must obtain HW49 disposal permits. Unlicensed collection & transportation constitutes illegal acts investigated jointly by public security and ecological bureaus. Fiscal incentives: VAT instant refund policy for renewable resources allows recyclers to enjoy 70%~90 tax rebates; three-year tax exemption and half reduction for comprehensive resource utilization. Local governments offer land subsidies for recycling plants and fixed asset investment allowances for production lines. Mandatory traceability: Cells of energy storage stations and electric vehicles are labeled unique traceability QR codes recording full-life production, operation and recycling data to track waste battery flow and eliminate illegal small workshop disassembly pollution. Export supporting policies: The new EU Battery Regulation requires a minimum 12 proportion of recycled materials for exported sodium batteries, and domestic recycling processes must meet standards for customs clearance. Policy orientation builds a circular economy of "producer recycling   formal enterprise regeneration   recycled material back to production lines" to drive low-carbon sustainable development of the sodium battery industry.