废旧钠电池的危废管理要求有哪些？

What are the hazardous waste management requirements for waste sodium-ion batteries?

废旧钠离子电池属于《国家危险废物名录》中 HW49 类废弃电化学储能器件，从收集、转运、仓储、处置全流程执行危废标准化管控，覆盖台账、资质、包装、仓储、转运、处置六大强制管理规范。一、资质管控：回收、贮存、拆解再生企业必须持有生态环境部门核发《危险废物经营许可证》，无资质单位禁止收集转运废旧钠电池，产废储能电站、车企需与持证回收企业签订长期处置合同。二、台账全记录：每一批次废旧电池完整记录产生单位、日期、电芯规格、数量、SOC 状态、破损情况、转运车辆、处置去向，台账留存不少于 5 年，环保部门随时抽查溯源。三、包装隔离：破损漏液电池单独密封耐酸碱危废桶，完好电芯采用防静电阻燃周转箱，箱内干沙缓冲隔离，箱体标注 HW49 危废标识、警示语，禁止裸装混运。四、仓储规范：独立防爆危废仓库，耐火一级，分区存放完好、破损电池，地面防渗收集沟，温湿度 10~30℃，通风防爆，库内配备 D 类干粉、干沙消防物资，存储周期不超 90 天。五转运要求：危废专用密闭厢式货车，驾驶员持危运从业证，随车携带转移联单、MSDS，全程 GPS 监控，避开居民区主干道，运输路线报备环保局。六处置规范：禁止露天堆放、随意拆解倾倒，进厂先深度放电预处理，只能通过持证企业湿法 / 干法冶金资源化再生，产生的电解液废液、煅烧残渣统一按 HW49 危废深度处置，处置完成出具危废处置回执归档。环保执法不定期巡查台账与仓储现场，违规企业处以高额罚款并停产整改。

Waste sodium-ion batteries fall under HW49 waste electrochemical energy storage devices in the National Hazardous Waste Catalogue. Standard hazardous waste control covers the whole process of collection, transportation, storage and disposal, with six mandatory specifications for ledgers, qualifications, packaging, warehousing, transit and treatment. 1. Qualification control: Recycling, storage, disassembly and regeneration enterprises must hold Hazardous Waste Business Licenses issued by ecological and environmental authorities. Unqualified entities are prohibited from collecting or transporting waste cells. Energy storage power stations and vehicle manufacturers generating waste shall sign long-term disposal contracts with licensed recyclers. 2. Full ledger recording: Complete records for each batch include generator, date, cell specification, quantity, SOC, damage status, transport vehicle and disposal destination. Ledgers shall be retained for no less than 5 years for random environmental inspection traceability. 3. Packaging isolation: Damaged leaking batteries are individually sealed in acid-base resistant hazardous waste barrels. Intact cells adopt anti-static flame-retardant turnover boxes with dry sand buffering inside. HW49 hazardous waste labels and warnings are printed on boxes; bare mixed transportation is prohibited. 4. Storage standards: Independent Grade I fire-proof explosion-proof hazardous waste warehouses separate intact and damaged cells. Impermeable collection grooves are laid on floors with temperature & humidity maintained at 10~30℃ and explosion-proof ventilation. Class D dry powder and sand fire supplies are equipped, with storage cycle not exceeding 90 days. 5. Transit requirements: Special sealed hazardous waste vans are driven by certified operators with transfer slips and MSDS carried onboard. Full-process GPS monitoring avoids main residential roads, and transport routes are reported to environmental bureaus. 6. Disposal norms: Open-air stacking, random disassembly and dumping are forbidden. Deep discharge pretreatment is required upon factory entry, and only licensed enterprises can conduct resource regeneration via wet/dry metallurgy. Generated electrolyte waste liquid and calcination residues are fully treated as HW49 hazardous waste, with disposal receipts archived after completion. Irregular environmental law enforcement inspects ledgers and storage sites, imposing heavy fines and production suspension rectification on violating enterprises.