什么是钠电池的倍率性能测试？

What is the rate performance test for sodium-ion batteries?

倍率性能测试验证不同充放电电流下容量释放能力，覆盖 0.1C、0.2C、0.5C、1C、2C、3C 多档倍率，恒温 25℃分步测试。小倍率 0.1C 充放电容量接近理论上限；大倍率 2C、3C 快充大电流下离子迁移受阻，极化增大，可用容量明显下降。测试流程统一以 0.2C 标准容量作为基准，分别记录各倍率放电容量保持率，对比电芯内阻、电压平台压降。硬碳负极搭配高导电剂电芯 3C 倍率容量保持率可达 90% 以上，普通配方仅 75%~82%。叉车、大功率调频储能需要高倍率电芯，出厂倍率测试不合格无法满足大功率瞬时输出需求，仅适配低倍率户用储能场景。

Rate performance test verifies capacity release under various charge-discharge currents, covering 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 3C multi-rate testing at constant 25℃. Capacity under low 0.1C rate approaches theoretical upper limit; large 2C/3C fast-charging current hinders ion migration with aggravated polarization and obvious usable capacity drop. Take standard 0.2C capacity as benchmark, record discharge capacity retention of each rate and compare cell resistance and voltage drop. Cells with hard carbon anodes and high-conductive agents maintain over 90% capacity at 3C, while ordinary formulas only reach 75%~82%. Forklifts and high-power frequency regulation energy storage require high-rate cells; products failing rate testing cannot meet instantaneous high-power output and only fit low-rate household storage.