什么是钠电池的热滥用测试？

What is the thermal abuse test for sodium-ion batteries?

热滥用是高等级储能、动力电池专项安全验证试验，模拟外部明火、高温烘烤热失控场景，评估电芯耐热极限与热蔓延风险。分两种主流方案：烘箱热滥用将电芯放入 130~180℃恒温烘箱持续烘烤 2 小时；明火热滥用使用酒精火焰持续灼烧电芯外壳 5 分钟。高温下正极释放活性氧，电解液剧烈氧化放热，连锁热失控。判定标准：烘箱烘烤无爆炸，明火灼烧 5 分钟内不发生剧烈爆燃，无大面积电解液流淌燃烧。聚阴离子钠电池热滥用表现最优，500℃以上分解温度大幅降低热失控概率；户外储能、电网调频大容量电池需强制热滥用抽检，是储能电站安全准入关键检测项目。

Thermal abuse is a special safety verification test for high-grade energy and power batteries, simulating thermal runaway from open fire and high-temperature baking to evaluate heat resistance and thermal propagation risks. Two mainstream schemes: oven abuse bakes cells at constant 130~180℃ for 2 hours; open-flame abuse burns cell shells with alcohol fire for 5 minutes. High temperature triggers active oxygen release from cathodes and violent oxidative heat release of electrolytes, causing chain thermal runaway. Pass criteria: no explosion during oven baking, no violent deflagration within 5 minutes of flame burning, and no large-area flowing electrolyte combustion. Polyanion sodium batteries deliver optimal thermal abuse performance with decomposition temperature above 500℃ that greatly reduces thermal runaway probability. Large-capacity batteries for outdoor storage and grid frequency regulation require mandatory thermal abuse sampling, a critical safety access test for energy storage power stations.