什么是钠电池的冲击测试？

What is the shock test for sodium-ion batteries?

冲击测试是 UN38.3 T4 项目，模拟货物装卸、转运过程重物撞击、高空跌落瞬间冲击载荷，考核电池壳体、内部电芯结构抗冲击强度。试验标准：三轴分别施加峰值 150g、脉冲持续 6ms 的半正弦冲击波形，每个方向正反各冲击三次。撞击瞬时巨大应力会撕裂铝塑膜、击穿方形铝壳边角，造成极耳断裂、隔膜刺破，形成内部短路。测试全程监控电压与温升，出现温度快速上升直接判定失效。测试结束后外观完整无贯穿性裂纹、无凹陷破损，静置 24 小时开路电压变化小于 0.02V，拆解内部极片无移位、隔膜完好才算合格。户外工程机械、电动叉车配套大容量钠电池外壳厚重，但仍必须通过冲击测试；未达标产品装卸磕碰后存在隐性短路，投入使用后随时有起火风险。

Shock Test is UN38.3 Item T4, simulating instantaneous impact from heavy collision and drop during cargo handling to evaluate impact resistance of battery shells and internal cell structures. Standard parameters: apply 150g peak semi-sine shock with 6ms pulse duration on three axes, three positive and negative impacts per axis. Instant huge stress tears aluminum plastic films and breaks square aluminum shell corners, causing tab fracture and separator piercing to form internal short circuits. Real-time voltage and temperature monitoring; rapid temperature rise equals failure. Pass standards: intact appearance without penetrating cracks or dents after testing, open-circuit voltage change less than 0.02V after 24-hour standing, and undisplaced electrodes & intact separators after disassembly. Large-capacity sodium batteries for outdoor construction machinery and forklifts have thick shells but still must pass this test. Non-compliant products hide latent short-circuits after handling collision and carry constant fire risks during operation.