钠电池 PACK 的 BMS 系统有哪些核心功能？

What are the core functions of the BMS system for sodium-ion battery PACK?

BMS 即电池管理系统，是钠电池 PACK 的大脑，软硬件一体化集成，承担监测、均衡、多级保护、通信、温控联动五大类核心职能，覆盖电芯、模组整全生命周期管控。第一实时全域监测：不间断采集每串单体电压、模组总电流、多点电芯温度、整机绝缘电阻，同步计算 SOC 剩余电量、SOH 健康状态，精准掌握每颗电芯运行数据，识别压差、温升异常。第二主动均衡调控：支持主动 / 被动均衡模式，动态转移高电位电芯电量至低压电芯，将串间压差控制在 50mV 以内，消除短板电芯制约，充分释放 PACK 额定容量，延缓整体老化。第三全维度电气安全保护，集成过充、过放、过流、短路、高低压、绝缘失效六级硬件   软件双重防护，故障毫秒级切断高压回路，杜绝起火爆炸隐患。第四热管理联动控制：采集温度信号自动启停加热膜、风冷、水冷设备，将电芯稳定维持在 20~35℃最优工作区间，低温防析钠、高温抑制电解液分解。第五多渠道通信交互，支持 RS485、CAN 总线对接逆变器、储能变流器、上位机云平台，上传运行数据、故障代码，接收充放电调度指令，适配光伏储能、叉车、户储等各类系统。此外具备故障存储、离线日志追溯功能，可记录上万条运行记录，便于售后检修与产线工艺迭代优化，是储能 PACK 不可缺失的控制核心。

BMS, namely Battery Management System, serves as the brain of sodium-ion PACK with integrated hardware and software. It undertakes five core functions: real-time monitoring, balancing, multi-level protection, communication and thermal linkage, covering full-life-cycle control of cells and modules. First, full real-time monitoring: continuously collect single-string voltage, module total current, multi-point cell temperature and overall insulation resistance, simultaneously calculate SOC and SOH to grasp operating data of each cell and identify abnormal voltage and temperature rise. Second, active balancing regulation: support active and passive balancing modes, dynamically transfer power from high-potential cells to low-voltage ones, control string voltage difference within 50mV, eliminate restriction of weak cells, fully release rated capacity and slow down overall aging. Third, full-range electrical dual protection (software & hardware) including overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, short circuit, high/low voltage and insulation failure, cutting high-voltage loops within milliseconds to avoid fire hazards. Fourth, thermal linkage control: automatically activate heating films, air and water cooling according to temperature signals to maintain cells at the optimal 20~35℃, preventing sodium precipitation at low temperature and electrolyte decomposition at high temperature. Fifth, multi-channel communication via RS485 and CAN to connect inverters, PCS and cloud platforms, upload data and fault codes and receive charging & discharging dispatch orders. It also supports fault log storage with tens of thousands of records for maintenance and production optimization, acting as an indispensable control core of energy storage PACKs.