钠电池的老化工艺是什么？

What is the aging process for sodium-ion batteries?

老化是分容完成后的恒温静置熟化工序，分为常温 24~72 小时自然老化、45~60℃高温加速老化两种模式，核心作用让电芯内部电化学体系完全趋于稳定。静置过程中残余电解液充分浸润极片微孔，SEI、CEI 钝化膜持续固化成型，电芯电压、内阻、容量波动逐步消除，自放电速率下降。同时老化可提前暴露隐性缺陷：存在微短路、轻微漏液、杂质过多的电芯静置期间电压大幅跌落、电芯胀气，便于提前筛选剔除不良品。高温老化缩短静置周期，提升产线周转效率；常温老化钝化膜稳定性更优，高端长循环储能产品优先采用常温老化工艺。老化完成后电芯分选精度大幅提升，PACK 组装后模组压差更小，整套储能系统使用寿命显著延长，是电芯出厂前必备稳定化工序。

Aging is a constant-temperature standing maturation procedure after grading, divided into two modes: natural room-temperature aging for 24~72 hours and accelerated high-temperature aging at 45~60℃. Its core function is to fully stabilize the internal electrochemical system of cells. During standing, residual electrolytes fully infiltrate electrode micropores, SEI and CEI passivation films continue to cure, fluctuations of cell voltage, internal resistance and capacity are gradually eliminated, and self-discharge rate decreases. Meanwhile, aging exposes hidden defects in advance: cells with micro-short circuits, minor leakage and excessive impurities suffer sharp voltage drop and swelling during standing for early rejection. High-temperature aging shortens standing time and improves production line turnover efficiency; room-temperature aging delivers more stable passivation films and is prioritized for high-end long-cycle energy storage products. After aging, cell sorting precision is greatly improved, module voltage difference is smaller after PACK assembly, and the service life of the whole energy storage system is remarkably extended, making aging an essential stabilization procedure before cell delivery.