钠离子电池的核心组成部分有哪些？

What is the working principle of Sodium-ion Battery?    

完整的钠离子电池电芯由六大核心部件组成，六大部件各司其职、相互配合，缺一不可，共同保障电池稳定充放电运行。第一是正极，钠离子的源头，决定电池电压、容量和核心性能；第二是负极，负责存储钠离子，影响电池循环寿命和充电倍率；第三是电解液，是钠离子迁移的液态通道，决定电池导电效率和低温性能；第四是隔膜，物理隔离正负极，防止内部短路，保障电池安全；第五是集流体，收集传导电流，钠电池正负极均可使用铝箔，大幅降本；第六是外壳，分为钢壳、铝壳、软包结构，起到密封、防护、固定内部结构的作用。六大部件协同工作，构成了钠离子电池的完整储能体系。

The core principle of Sodium-ion Battery is the reversible intercalation, deintercalation and migration reaction of sodium ions, which is divided into two reversible processes: charging and discharging, and the internal and external circuits form a complete closed loop. Charging process: When the external power supply is connected to the battery, under the action of the electric field, the sodium ions in the cathode material lattice are deintercalated, separated from the cathode structure, dissolved in the electrolyte, pass through the micropore channels of the separator, migrate directionally to the anode, and finally intercalate into the micropore structure of the anode hard carbon material. At this time, the external electrical energy is converted into the chemical energy inside the battery to complete energy storage. Discharging process: When the battery is connected to the external load, the energy storage state is activated. The sodium ions stored in the anode are deintercalated, re-enter the electrolyte, migrate back to the cathode in the reverse direction and intercalate into the cathode lattice; at the same time, electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through the external circuit, forming a continuous current to supply power to the equipment, and the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy and released. The whole process has no irreversible chemical reaction and can be cycled repeatedly.