What are conductive agents for sodium-ion batteries?

导电剂是正负极浆料高导电碳辅料，不参与储钠反应，核心弥补活性材料导电性差的缺陷，搭建极片内部连续电子通路。多数钠正负极、硬碳本征导电能力极低，仅依靠活性材料导电会内阻巨大，快充极化、大电流发热严重。少量添加导电剂填充粉体间隙形成立体导电网络，大幅降低极片整体电阻率，提升倍率充放电表现。添加比例仅 1%-4%，成本占比低但对动力性能提升显著。低速车、叉车等高倍率产品提高添加量，储能低倍率场景适当减少，平衡生产成本与放电性能。

Conductive agents are high-conductivity carbon auxiliaries in cathode and anode slurries that do not take part in sodium storage reactions. Their core function is to compensate poor intrinsic conductivity of active materials and build continuous electron channels inside electrodes. Most sodium cathodes and hard carbon anodes feature extremely low conductivity; relying solely on active materials leads to huge internal resistance, severe polarization during fast charging and excessive heat under large currents. A small dosage fills powder gaps to form three-dimensional conductive networks, drastically lowering electrode resistivity and improving rate performance. The dosage only accounts for 1%–4% with low cost yet remarkable power performance improvement. High-rate products such as low-speed vehicles and forklifts adopt higher proportions, while low-rate energy storage reduces dosage to balance production cost and discharge performance.